Objective To evaluate the effects of three esketamine-based combined anesthesia schemes on the recovery quality and controllability of piglets under simulated field environment. Methods Twenty-four healthy piglets were randomly divided into three groups (n=8). Group A: dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg)+midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) + esketamine (3 mg/kg), Group B: midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) + esketamine (3 mg/kg), Group C: dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) + esketamine (3 mg/kg). All drugs were administered via intramuscular injection. Anesthesia was performed in a simulated field environment, and tracheal intubation conditions were evaluated. For Groups B and C with unsatisfactory conditions, sevoflurane inhalation was added before tracheal intubation, followed by laparotomy and splenectomy. The induction time, vital signs during anesthesia maintenance, and recovery time after drug withdrawal were recorded, and the recovery quality and controllability were evaluated using the modified recovery quality score and controllability score. Results Group A required no sevoflurance assistance, with a 100% satisfaction rate for intubation, significantly higher than that in Group B (0%) and Group C (12.5%) , and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Group A had smooth induction and the best sedative and muscle relaxant effects. Group B also had smooth induction but the longest recovery time. Group C exhibited the fastest recovery, but the incidence of excitement during the recovery period (62.5%) was significantly higher than that in Group A and Group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total recovery quality score of Group A was highest (4.5±0.6), with statistically significant differences compared with Groups B(3.1±0.8) and Group C(2.8±1.1)(P<0.05). The awake test of Group A showed significantly more cases of eye opening and head turning than Group B and Group C. Compared with Group A, Group C showed more cases of struggling during the recovery period, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Under simulated field environment, the Group A scheme can reliably provide tracheal intubation conditon, ensuring adequate anesthesia depth while providing the best recovery stability and controllability, which is a high-quality and efficient anesthesia protocol.
Key words
field anesthesia /
recovery quality /
tracheal intubation /
dexmedetomidine /
esketamine /
midazolam /
splenectomy /
pig
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