Objective To study the clinical characteristics after hepatitis B vaccination in liver transplant patients for hepatitis B virus (HBV) related diseases and analyze the factors that influence the response. Methods Nine patients received three intramuscular doses (60ug) of a recombinant vaccine at months 0, 1, 2 and 6 and the anti-HBs titers were tested regularly. Results Overall sustained response to vaccination was 22.2 % (2/9), which were completely free of HBIG at the end of the six months follow-up. Three patients had part response, which reduced the amount of HBIG. Four patients had no response. Conclusions Hepatitis B vaccination is one of the prophylaxis of HBV recurrence to the liver transplant patients for HBV related diseases. Anti-HBsAb level at time of vaccination probably yields good response.