Objective To investigate the imaging clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of central neurocytoma (CNC) and study method of treatment and prognosis of CNC. Methods The clinical presentation of 15 CNC patients were analysed retrospectively. Imaging features were explored by CT and MRI scans. The pathological and immunophenotypic characteristics were observed by HE and immunohistochemical staining. Treatment effects and prognosis were followed up in the patients. Results CNC were located in lateral ventricle near the Monro foramen and exhibited to be isodense or hyperdense on CT scan. On T1-weighted MRI images, CNC were isointense or hypointense. On T2-weighted images, they were hyperintense. Honeycomb or towel gourd ladle changes can be seen in the tumor. Patched and stripped enhancemens were found after gadolinium administration. CNC were constituted of round or oval monomorphic cells with perinuclear halos. Intracellular branching capillaries formed the characteristic honeycomb structure of CNC. Positive expression of Syn and negative CgA were found in all tumor tissures by immunohistochemical staining method. Surgical resection was the primary therapy of CNC. In the 15 patients followed-up, no recurrence were seen in the total resection and total resection with radiotherapy groups. Conclusions CNC is located mainly in lateral ventricle near the Monro foramen. Positive expression of Syn can be viewed as the reliable diagnostic criteron. Towel gourd ladle or serpiginus flow voids are characteristic MRI changes of CNC. The tumor should be removed totally and CNC has a benign prognosis in general.