Objective To know the characteristics and reasonable use of antibiotics in type I incision perioperativperiod in this hospital, and provide a reference for rational use to prevent infection in clinicl. Methods 538 cases of type I incision operation were sampled randomly from November 2011 to April 2012. The type of surgery, the utilization of antibiotics, the use of varieties, combination therapy, medication timing and duration were investigated and analyzed. Results The utilization rate of drugs in type I incision operation was 84.01%. The cefathiamidine and cefotaxime held the higher proportion of drugs, accounting for 20.58% and 17.26%. The combination rate of antibiotics was 6.42%. The proportion of the first administration time in preoperative 2-24 h, 0.5-2 h and postoperatively were 8.62%, 46.24% and 45.13%, respectively 18 cases had the medication with in 24 h after surgery, 81 patients with in 25-48 h, and other 353 cases beyond 48 h. The average number of days for antibiotics use was 6.83 days. Conclusions The use of antibiotics for preventing infection has several problems in this hospital: indications are not strict, choice of varieties is unreasonable and the timing of administration and duration of treatment are incorrect, which need strengthen the administrative supervision and the level of participation of clinical pharmacists.