Objective To analyze efficacy and complications after posterior approach intervertebral fusion in treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods Lumbar disc herniation patients underwent conventional posterior approach lumbar intervertebral fusion. Operation related index, body function, and complication were observed. Results In 76 patients, operation time was (121.4±17.2) h, intraoperative blood loss (132.8±20.4) ml, postoperative drainage (71.1±12.2)ml, postoperative bed time (5.9±1.3) d, NRS score (3.2±0.6).After 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months postoperatively,Oswestry disability index ODI 28.8±4.1、25.5±2.9、19.4±3.2、13.8±2.0 were lower than that before the operation.Dural tear occurred in 6 cases (7.89%), nerve damage in 2 cases (2.63%), intraoperative cage poor position 6 cases (7.89%), postoperative cage shift 7 cases (9.21%), and infection of incision 2 cases (2.63%). Conclusions Posterior approach lumbar intervertebral fusion for treatment of lumbar disc herniation has sure clinical curative effect, but there is the possibility of surgical complications;clinical enough attention should be paid.