Objective To study the pathogenesis of adolescence depression through the assay of serum uric acid (SUA) and 5-HT level in adolescent depressive patients. Methods Forty-one depressive patients under analysis of serum SHT levels. Results The serum uric acid leveling the study group (435.61±101.36) μmol/L was higher than that in control group (332.73±63.52) μmol/L; the difference was statistically significant (t=8.86, P<0.001). In the study group, there were in 51 cases of hyperuricemia, accounting for 48.11%.In the study group, the significantly lower were serotonin levels than that of national norm (P=0.005), and were significantly negatively correlated with the blood uric acid levels (r=-0.48, P<0.01). Conclusions High level of SUA can be used as a biochemical index for the early diagnose of adolescence depression; adolescence depression may be due to DNA oxidative damage of neurons in the brain.