Objective To investigate the self rated health of safeguarding Armed Police Soldiers in the plateau in order to provide more effective hygienic service and ensure soldiers’ mental and physical health. Methods 475 active duty soldiers who came from the plain with an altitude of about 50 meters and had been in areas with an altitude of about 3600-4200 meters for 6 months were recruited as subjects. By short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire, the overall health, physical health, social health and mental health of the soldiers were observed. And, the measured Results were compared with those of 423 soldiers who had been withdrawn from those areas to the same plain for 6 months. Results The evaluated scores of each dimension were significantly different in age, educational level and rank of the safeguarding Armed Police soldiers in the plateau (P<0.05). The scores of the overall health, the physical health, the social health and mental health of the soldiers aged 18 or over and educated from senior high school or above were significantly higher than those of the soldiers under age 18 and senior high school. Meanwhile, these scores in the cadre group and the sergeant group were higher than those in the conscript group, and the scores in the cadre group were superior to those in the control group. Furthermore, the Results of sololiers in plain area were significantly better than those of soldiers from plateau area (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall health of Armed Police Soldiers in the plateau is good, but different age, educational level and rank of the soldiers have different health conditions. The plateau has deep impact on the health of Armed Police soldiers in the plateau area and the health level of the soldiers improves step by step after breaking away from the surroundings.