Objective To study the related factors and the prevention of brain abscess after surgery for craniocerebral injury. Methods 26 patients with brain abscess from 278 patients with intracranial infection after surgery for craniocerebral injury were recruited. Clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed, separately from non-iatrogenic factors and iatrogenic factors. Results Brain abscesses after surgery for craniocerebral injury was associated with the iatrogenic factors: age,preoperative GCS score, open wounds, and combination with basic disease; and with the iatrogenic factors: surgery time (＞4 h), second surgery or more times in short term and CSF incision leakage (P<0.05). The correlation of brain abscesses after surgery for craniocerebral injury with gender, cerebrospinal fluid leak, drainage tube indwelling time and incision of trachea had no statistical significanct differene. Conclusions Early interference for high-risk factors and reinforcement of perioperative management conduces to reducing the occurence of postoperative brain abscesses after craniocerebral injury.