Objective To study the relative clinical risk factors of osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T₂DM). Methods 334 T₂DM patients were included in this research. According to their bone mineral density(BMD) values, the patients were divided into normal bone mass group, osteopenia group and osteoporosis group. The three groups were compared for differences in age, diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin A₁c (HbA₁c), C peptide secretion index(HOMA-β), area under the curve of C-peptide (C-PAUC), C peptide resistance index(HOMA-CR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), microalbuminuria(mALb), glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and chronic complications, then logistic regression analysis was made. Results Of 334 T₂DM patients, 116 patients had normal bone mass, including 75 males(64.66%)and 41 females(35.34%).110 patients had osteopenia, including 50 males(45.45%)and 60 females(54.55%). And the other 108 patients had osteoporosis, including 46 males(42.59%) and 62 females(57.41%). Compared with normal bone mass group, osteopenia group and osteoporosis group had older age, longer disease course, lower HOMA-β and C-PAUC, higher HbA₁c and incidence of lower limb arteriosclerosis(P＜0.05). Osteoporosis group had lower BMI and HOMA-CR(P＜0.05), but mALb, the incidence of moderate to severe lower limb arteriosclerosis, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy were higher (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analyses showed that older age (OR=1.123,P=0.019), longer disease course(OR=1.052, P=0.028),lower HOMA-β(OR=0.706, P=0.016), higher mALb(OR=1.289, P=0.006) were the independent factors associated with BMD. Conclusions Older age, long disease duration,bad pancreas islet function, diabetic nephropathy are the risk factors of osteoporosis in T₂DM. Osteoporosis is closely related to chronic diabetic complications.