Objective To explore the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on immune function in primary liver cancer patients. Methods A total of 80 patients with pathologically-proved PLC were enrolled in this study, and randomly divided into a study group and a control group.The study group was treated with TCM combined TACE, while the control group was treated by TACE alone. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets cells, AFP, CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cell, as well as the therapeutic effect, Karnofsky sore (KPS) were determined 24 h before treatment and one, and 4 weeks after treatment. The Results were statistically analyzed.Results At the end of the first week after treatment, the preoperative peripheral T lymphocyte subsets CD3⁺(45.26±2.83) vs (50.16±6.31), CD4⁺(22.65±2.35) vs (27.12±3.36) T cells and CD4⁺/CD8⁺(0.85±0.16) vs (1.16±0.27) in the study group were significantly lower,while CD8⁺(32.48±6.21) vs (27.36±5.64) T cells, CD4⁺CD25⁺(12.65±5.12) vs (9.15±3.63) Treg cells were significantly higher than that before treatment(P＜0.05). However, in control group, the peripheral T lymphocyte subsets CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺T cells and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ were not statistically significantly different. After 4 weeks,for two groups, the peripheral T lymphocyte subsets CD3⁺(46.55±3.94) vs (49.33±3.12), CD4⁺(23.13±2.72) vs (25.53±2.52), CD8⁺(25.26±3.52) vs (27.69±5.13) T cells and CD4⁺/CD8⁺(1.13±0.39) vs (1.22±0.16) were significantly different (P＜0.05). Treg cells, AFP, KPS were statistically significantly different when compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusions TCM combined with TACE can enhance the immunity and quality of life in patients with primary liver cancer.