Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of primary suture and t-tube drainage after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE).Methods The clinical data of 80 patients who underwent LCBDE in Anhui Corps Hospital of Armed Police between 2016 and 2018 was analyzed retrospectively. According to surgical methods,40 cases were assigned to primary suture group while another 40 cases were assigned to t-tube drainage group. The clinical indexes of the two surgical approaches and postoperative complications were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the duration of operation, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative complications and residual stones (P＞0.05). The duration of abdominal drainage and hospital stay were(4.18±0.75)d and(9.53±1.65)d respectively in primary suture group, compared with (5.83±1.04)d and(13.90±0.90)d in t-tube drainage group, so the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Primary suture after LCBDE is safe and effective while shortening hospital stay.