Objective To analyze the disease spectrum of recruits on the Tibet plateau in 2017 and to provide reference for improving the physical fitness of troops on the Tibetan plateau and optimizing the allocation of health resources.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted beforethe data on hospital treatment during the three-month training period was collected and analyzed. The impact of household registration of recruits, the altitude of their previous residence, smoking and drinking history on the incidence of various diseases was explored through the results of the questionnaire, and the adaptation to the training was investigated.Results The top five systemic diseases were respiratory diseases (46.65%), skeletal muscle connective tissue diseases (25.14%), skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (12.01%), digestive diseases (6.01%) and circulatory diseases 4.75%) respectively. More than 70% of the recruits were able to adapt to the training, and such factors as the altitude of their previous residence had effect on the incidence of diseases of different systems.Conclusions Identification of the common diseases among recruits during training on the Tibetan plateau can enrich the theoretical system of medical servicesand improve the quality and standard of training for the Armed Police Force.