Objective To devise measures to promote disease prevention and cure,and to provide data for working out health management plans by studying the disease constituent ratio and the change patterns of military patients in an air force hospital from 2014 to 2017.Methods The medical records of military inpatients hospitalized between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017 were selected to analyze the composition,ranking and trends of diseases.Results Most of the military inpatients at the Department of Internal Medicine were male, whose age ranged from 18 to 44. The top four diseases were associated with the respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous system and digestive system. The first two types of diseases were obviously seasonal. The difference in gender-specific disease composition was of no statistical significance. However, there was statistically significant difference in the proportion of disease types between different age groups. Respiratory diseases always ranked first, but showed a downward trend. Digestive diseases fluctuated upwards, while circulatory and nervous system diseases began to decrease after peaking in 2015. Circulatory and digestive system diseases became more prevalent among the young.Conclusion Respiratory diseases have been taking the first place, which, however, can be effectively controlled. It is recommended that education on disease should be strengthened and systematic, individualized and multi-disciplined health management schemes should be formulated to effectively control disease so as to improve the overall health quality of the army.