Effects of physical activity on spatial cognition in rats of different gender after isoflurane exposure

FANG Xiaoyan; LI Mengmeng; HAO Jiwei; QIU Yinuo; XIE Qun; ZHANG Qinghong

PDF(1930 KB)

Medical Journal of the Chinese People Armed Police Forces ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11) : 931-937.

Effects of physical activity on spatial cognition in rats of different gender after isoflurane exposure

FANG Xiaoyan¹, LI Mengmeng¹, HAO Jiwei², QIU Yinuo³, XIE Qun¹, ZHANG Qinghong²

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effects of physical activity on spatial cognition and molecular mechanism of postnatal isoflurane exposure in rats of different genders. Methods A total of 110 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups at postnatal 7 days (7 d): group Naive(n=28), Naive+PA(n=30), Iso(n=26) and Iso+PA(n=26). Iso and Iso+PA were exposed to isoflurane for 2 hours in P7, P9 and P11. The rats were separated by genders at 21st day after birth. For groups of Naive+PA and Iso+PA, physical activity was conducted. After 6 weeks, behavioral tests were conducted including radial maze (RAM) and Morris water maze (MWM). After those tests, brain of adult rats was harvested and used to examine the expression of BDNF, Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results The total time of each group during the training phase of RAM showed a significant decline with training; compared with group Iso, the performance of adult rats in group Naive was significantly more stable; there was significantly different in PA groups versus non-PA ones. Compared with group Naive, reference memory errors and total time increased in the Iso group, especially in female rats (P<0.05); the reference memory errors of Naive+PA group were significantly less than those of non-PA males (P<0.05); the total time in the PA males was also reduced with a significant difference (group Naive versus Iso in males: P<0.05); Compared with Iso male group, the total time of group Iso+PA became lower significantly (P<0.05). In the water maze test, the duration of target quadrant was significantly reduced in group Iso of females (P<0.05). Compared with group Naive, expressions of BDNF and Ki-67 in the hippocampus of Iso significantly decreased, and expression of Ki-67 increased in the PA male group. Compared with Iso, expression of BDNF in Iso+PA group were higher than group Iso,particularly in females (P<0.05). Conclusions Repeated isoflurane exposure has certain effect on spatial cognition. Spatial memory impairment in males is manifested in long-term memory (reference memory), while females are in short-term memory (working memory). It is also found that physical activity can enhance learning ability and spatial cognitive function,particularly in males.

Key words

physical activity / postnatal / anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity / cognition / gender difference

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

FANG Xiaoyan, LI Mengmeng, HAO Jiwei, QIU Yinuo, XIE Qun, ZHANG Qinghong. Effects of physical activity on spatial cognition in rats of different gender after isoflurane exposure[J]. Medical Journal of the Chinese People Armed Police Forces. 2022, 33(11): 931-937

References

[1] Andropoulos D B, Greene M F. Anesthesia and developing brains-implications of the FDA warning [J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376(10): 905-907.
[2] 杨静,李萌萌,郝济伟,等. 异氟烷不同间隔时间麻醉对发育期大鼠脑神经功能的急性损伤作用[J]. 中华危重病急救医学, 2016, 28(3): 267-271.
[3] Silva S G D,Arida R M. Physical activity and brain development[J]. Expert Rev Neurother,2015,15(9):1-11.
[4] Swain R A, Berggren K L, Kerr A L, et al. On aerobic exercise and behavioral and neural plasticity [J]. Brain Sci, 2012, 2(4): 709-744.
[5] Arida R M, Teixeira-Machado L. The contribution of physical exercise to brain resilience [J]. Front Behav Neurosci, 2021, 14:626769.
[6] Gomes D S S, Unsain N, Masco D H, et al. Early exercise promotes positive hippocampal plasticity and improves spatial memory in the adult life of rats [J]. Hippocampus, 2012, 22(2): 347-358.
[7] Inoue K, Okamoto M, Shibato J, et al. Long-term mild, rather than intense, exercise enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and greatly changes the transcriptomic profile of the hippocampus [J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(6): e128720.
[8] Park C Y, Lee S H, Kim B K, et al. Treadmill exercise ameliorates impairment of spatial learning ability through enhancing dopamine expression in hypoxic ischemia brain injury in neonatal rats [J]. J Exerc Rehabil, 2013, 9(4): 406-412.
[9] Cahill S P, Hatchard T, Abizaid A, et al. An examination of early neural and cognitive alterations in hippocampal-spatial function of ghrelin receptor-deficient rats [J]. Behav Brain Res, 2014, 264(5): 105-115.
[10] 周娇娇, 阙建宇, 于雯雯,等. Morris水迷宫检测动物学习记忆水平的方法学[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2017, 37(24):4.
[11] Palanisamy A, Baxter M G, Keel P K,et al. Rats Exposed to isoflurane in utero during early gestation are behaviorally abnormal as sdults [J].Anesthesiology,2011, 114(3):521-528.
[12] Shen X, Dong Y, Xu Z, et al. Selective anesthesia-induced neuroinflammation in developing mouse brain and cognitive impairment [J]. Anesthesiology, 2013, 118(3): 502-515.
[13] Mathiasen J R, Dicamillo A. Novel object recognition in the rat: a facile assay for cognitive function [J]. Curr Protoc Pharmacol, 2010, 5(5):59.
[14] English A W, Wilhelm J C, Sabatier M J. Enhancing recovery from peripheral nerve injury using treadmill training [J]. Ann Anat, 2011, 193(4): 354-361.
[15] Thompson N J, Sengelaub D R, English A W. Enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration due to treadmill training and electrical stimulation is dependent on androgen receptor signaling [J]. Dev Neurobiol, 2014, 74:531-540.
[16] Cao L, Li L, Lin D, et al. Isoflurane induces learning impairment that is mediated by interleukin 1βbeta in rodents [J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(12): e51431.
[17] Burgess N, Maguire E A, O’Keefe J. The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory [J]. Neuron, 2002, 35(4): 625-641.
[18] Fortin N J, Wright S P, Eichenbaum H. Recollection-like memory retrieval in rats is dependent on the hippocampus [J]. Nature, 2004, 431(7005): 188-191.
[19] Herting M M, Nagel B J. Aerobic fitness relates to learning on a virtual Morris water task and hippocampal volume in adolescents [J]. Behav Brain Res, 2012, 233(2): 517-525.
[20] Hopkins M E, Davis F C, Vantieghem M R, et al. Differential effects of acute and regular physical exercise on cognition and affect [J]. Neuroscience, 2012, 215(1): 59-68.
[21] Smith A M, Spiegler K M, Sauce B, et al. Voluntary aerobic exercise increases the cognitive enhancing effects of working memory training [J]. Behav Brain Res, 2013, 256(13): 626-635.
[22] Buck S M, Hillman C H, Castelli D M. The relation of aerobic fitness to stroop task performance in preadolescent children [J]. Med Sci Sport Exer, 2008, 40(1): 166-172.
[23] Hillman C H, Pontifex M B, Raine L B, et al. The effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic achievement in preadolescent children [J]. Neuroscience, 2009, 159(3): 1044-1054.
[24] Hopkins M E, Nitecki R, Bucci D J. Physical exercise during adolescence versus adulthood: differential effects on object recognition memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels [J]. Neuroscience, 2011, 194: 84-94.
[25] van P H. Exercise and the brain: something to chew on [J]. Trends Neurosci, 2009, 32(5): 283-290.
[26] Sakalem M E, Seidenbecher T, Zhang M, et al. Environmental enrichment and physical exercise revert behavioral and electrophysiological impairments caused by reduced adult neurogenesis [J]. Hippocampus, 2016, 27(1).
[27] Warner D O,Zaccariello M J,Katusic S K, et al. Neuropsychological and behavioral outcomes after exposure of young children to procedures requiring general anesthesia the Mayo anesthesia safety in kids (MASK) Study [J]. Anesthesiology, 2018, 129(1):89-105.