[1] WHO World Health Organization. Fact Sheets. Available online: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco accessed on 21 January 2022.
[2] Li S S, Ma C W, Xi B. Tobacco control in China: still a long way to go. [J] Lancet, 2016,387(10026): 1375-1376.
[3] Adela H, Harris R,Lieberman J. Department of Defense health related behaviors survey of active duty military personnel[J]. BMC Public Health, 2018(18): 853-854.
[4] Fang Y S, Sheng-H W g, Henry H L, et al. Association of tobacco smoking with physical fitness of military males in taiwan: the chief study[J].Can Res J, 2020,1(7):1-6.
[5] Iordache B, Perico N, Bikbov B, et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in six regions of the world (ISN-KDDC): a cross-sectional study[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2016, 4 (5): e307-e319
[6] Salvatore S P, Troxell M L, Hecox D et al. Smoking-related glomerulopathy: expanding the morphologic spectrum[J]. Am J Nephrol 2015,41: 66-72.
[7] Kelly V,Liang,M D,Eddie L,et al. Nodular glomerulosclerosis: renal lesions in chronic smokers mimic chronic thrombotic microangiopathy and hypertensive lesions[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2007,49(4):552-559.
[8] Hammer Y, Cohen E, Levi A, et al. The relationship between cigarette smoking and renal function: a large cohort study[J]. J IMAJ, 2016, 9(18):553-556.
[9] Leonberg A K, Rudnick M R. Tobacco use: a chronic kidney disease accelerant[J]. Am J Nephrol, 2018,46(4):257-259.
[10] Jensen K, Nizamutdinov D, Guerrier M et al. General mechanisms of nicotine-induced fibrogenesis[J]. FASEB J, 2012,26(12):4778-4787.
[11] Hua P, Feng W, Ji S,et al. Nicotine worsens the severity of nephropathy in diabetic mice: implications for the progression of kidney disease in smokers[J]. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2010,299(4):732-739.
[12] Rangarajan S, Rezonzew G, Chumley P,et al. COX-2-derived prostaglandins as mediators of the deleterious effects of nicotine in chronic kidney disease[J].Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2020,318(2): F475-F48.
[13] Linda W , Bayle S S , Kevin E C Meyers,et al.Tobacco exposure in adults and children with proteinuric glomerulopathies: a NEPTUNE cohort study[J]. BMC Nephrol, 2023, 24(1):30.
[14] Oosterwijk M M, Hagedoorn I M, Maatman R G,et al.Cadmium, active smoking and renal function deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2023,38(4):876-883.
[15] Zhang W, Xu Q, Wu J,et al. Role of Src in vascular hyperpermeability induced by advanced glycation end products[J]. Sci Rep, 2018,9(5): 14090.
[16] Yoon H J, Park M, Yoon H,et al. The differential effect of cigarette smoking on glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria in an apparently healthy population[J].Hypertens Res, 2009,32(3):214-219.
[17] Xia J.Cigarette smoking and chronic kidney disease in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2018,32(3):475-487.
[18] Wonji J, Sangmi L, Young S J, et al. Association of smoking with incident CKD risk in the general population: a communitybased cohort study [J]. PLoS One, 2020,15(8): e0238111.
[19] Bleyer A J, Shemanski L R, Burke G L, et al. Tobacco, hypertension, and vascular disease: risk factors for renal functional decline in an older population[J]. Kidney Int, 2000,57(5):2072-2079.
[20] Yu-Min He, Wei-Liang Chen, Tung-Wei Kao et al. Relationship between ideal cardiovascular health and incident proteinuria: a 5 year retrospective cohort study [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(19):4040.
[21] Meigs J B, Agostino R B , Nathan D M, et al. Longitudinal association of glycemia and microalbuminuria: the framingham off spring study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2002,25(6): 977-983.
[22] Tozawa M, Kunitoshi I, Chiho I, et al. Influence of smoking and obesity on the development of proteinuria[J]. Kidney Int, 2002,62(3):956-62.
[23] Ito K,Toshiki M, Kazuhiro T, et al. The role of cigarette smoking on new-onset of chronic kidney disease in a Japanese population without prior chronic kidney disease: Iki epidemiological study of atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (ISSA-CKD) [J]. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2020,24:919-926.
[24] Janssen W M, Hillege H, Pinto S J et al. Low levels of urinary albumin excretion are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in the general population[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2000,38(11): 1107-1110.
[25] Liebman SE, Lamontagne SP, Huang LS et al. Smoking in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2019,58(2):257-265.
[26] Fu Y C, Xu Z L, Zhao M Y,et al. The association between smoking and renal function in people over 20 years old[J]. Front. Med, 2020,7(9):870278.
[27] Kelly J T, Su G, Zhang Q X, et al. Modifiable lifestyle factors for primary prevention of CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol,2021 Jan,32(1):239-253.
[28] Jin A, Koh W P, Chow K Y,et al. Smoking and risk of kidney failure in the Singapore Chinese health study[J]. PLoS One,2018,5(8): e62962.
[29] Feodoroff M, Harjutsalo V, Forsblom C,et al. Smoking and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes[J]. Acta Diabetol, 2018,53(4): 525-533.
[30] Siqing W Aiya Q, Gaiqin P,et al. Cigarette smoking may accelerate the progression of IgA nephropathy [J]. BMC Nephrology,2021,22(1):239.
[31] Yamamoto R, Nagasawa Y, Shoji T,et al. Cigarette smoking and progression of IgA nephropathy[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2010, 56: 313-324.
[32] Yamaguchi M, Masahiko A, Ryohei Y, et al. Smoking is a risk factor for the progression of idiopathic membranous nephropathy[J]. PLoS One, 2014,6(9): e100835.
[33] Weinrauch L A, Claggett B, Liu J,et al. Smoking and outcomes in kidney transplant recipients: a post hoc survival analysis of the FAVORIT trial[J]. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis, 2018,27(11):155-164.
[34] Ohkuma T, Nakamura U, Iwase M, et al. Effects of smoking and its cessation on creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rates and albuminuria in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the fukuoka diabetes registry[J]. Hypertens Res, 2019,39(10):744-751.
[35] Formanek P, Salisbury A E, Afshar M. Helping patients with ESRD and earlier stages of CKD to quit smoking[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2018,72(2):255-266.
[36] Chuahirun T, Hudson C, Seipel T, et al. Cigarette smoking exacerbates and its cessation ameliorates renal injury in type 2 diabetes[J]. Am J Med Sci, 2004,327(2):57-67.
[37] Tascón J, Prieto M, Casanova A G,et al. Early diagnosis of kidney damage associated with tobacco use: preventive application[J]. J Pers Med,2022,12(7):1032.
[38] Provenzano M, Serra R, Michael A,et al. Smoking habit as a risk amplifer in chronic kidney disease patients[J]. Sci Rep, 2021,11(1):14778.
[39] Khashan H I, Sabaan F S, Nasser H S, et al. 0e prevalence of smoking and its associated factors among military personnel in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a national study[J]. J of Fam & Community Med, 2018,21(3):147-153.
[40] Colm B D, Lindsay R, Katie M, et al. Pre-deployment programmes for building resilience in military and frontline emergency service personnel [J]. Cochrane Library, 2021,12(12): CD013242.
[41] Boyko E J, Trone D W, Peterson A V, et al. Longitudinal investigation of smoking initiation and relapse among younger and older US military personnel[J]. Am J Public Health, 2018,105(6):1220-1229.
[42] 肖 钧. 2010年和2013年中南地区野战营士兵吸烟情况变化及影响因素[J]. 湖南师范大学学报(医学系),2020,17(1):189-192.
[43] Owers R C, Ballard K D. What else is there to do? a qualitative study of the barriers to soldiers stopping smoking[J]. J R Army Med Corps, 2008,154(3):152-155.
[44] Fuxing C,Pengwei H,Wang C, et al. A cross-sectional survey on cigarette smoking in the chinese navy[J]. Mil Med, 2019,184(5-6): e211-e217.
[45] 翟颖超,涂 艳,曹 冰.高性能歼击机飞行员吸烟现况的调查分析[J]. 空军医学杂志,2021,6(37): 209-212.