Meta-analysis of the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery

GAO Jinmao; LU Guangxu; LIN Yanchen; SHI Xiaolian; SHI Fei; YUN Chen

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Medical Journal of the Chinese People Armed Police Forces ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11) : 926-933.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery

GAO Jinmao¹, LU Guangxu², LIN Yanchen³, SHI Xiaolian⁴, SHI Fei⁵, YUN Chen⁶

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Abstract

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in the rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods Systematic searches were conducted in English databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, as well as Chinese databases such as CNKI, WanFang, and VIP (up to January 2025). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of ESWT in the rehabilitation after ACLR were included. The differences in Lysholm scores and IKDC scores between the ESWT group and the control group were compared. Results A total of 9 studies were included, involving 486 subjects, with 248 cases in the ESWT group and 238 cases in the control group. According to the number of interventions, they were divided into short-term intervention (≤3 times) and long-term intervention (＞3 times). Meta-analysis results showed that short-term ESWT could significantly improve the Lysholm scores (MD=8.06, 95% CI: 5.29-10.84) and IKDC scores (MD=6.46, 95% CI: 3.66-9.26), with the number of interventions being a significant positive moderator of Lysholm scores. Long-term ESWT showed limited improvement on the Lysholm scores (MD=4.58, 95% CI: -0.16-9.33) and had modest improvements on the IKDC scores (MD=1.91, 95% CI: 0.84-2.98). In addition, the effect sizes of long-term Lysholm scores and short-term intervention on the IKDC scores were not stable, and the quality grades of the outcome indicators was mostly medium and low. Conclusions ESWT is a non-invasive and cost-effective treatment method that can promote the rehabilitation after ACLR, especially with significant effects in short-term application.

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extracorporeal shock wave therapy / anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / meta-analysis

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GAO Jinmao, LU Guangxu, LIN Yanchen, SHI Xiaolian, SHI Fei, YUN Chen. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery[J]. Medical Journal of the Chinese People Armed Police Forces. 2025, 36(11): 926-933

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