Objective To quantitatively investigate the relationship between the intervertebral disc degeneration and the imbalance of lumbar segmental stability, and to analyze the influence of various baseline characteristics (such as age and BMI) on this relationship. Methods A retrospective study of 200 patients with intervertebral disc degeneration was conducted. The intervertebral disc degeneration and lumbar stability were evaluated using imaging examinations (MRI, Xray, CT) and functional assessment scales (ODI, RMDQ). Univariate analysis of variance and multiple linear regression models were employed to assess the influence of baseline characteristics on lumbar function. Results A significant correlation was observed between the degree of disc degeneration and lumbar segmental stability imbalance (P<0.01). As the Pfirrmann grade increased from I to V, lumbar range of motion decreased from (52.3°±5.7°) to (22.6°±3.9°), ODI score increased from (10.2±2.1) to (29.3±4.1), and RMDQ score rose from (4.8±1.4) to (16.4±2.7). Logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.28-1.78), facet joint degeneration (OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.67), and BMI (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29) were independent risk factors for stability imbalance. Conclusions Intervertebral disc degeneration is significantly and quantitatively associated with lumbar segmental stability imbalance, and baseline characteristics such as age and BMI critically influence this relationship. Clinical strategy should therefore be tailored to patientspecific factors for prevention and treatment.