目的 调查慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者心血管健康现状,分析影响因素,以期为提高CKD患者心血管健康提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2023年4-6月在北京市某三甲医院肾内科就诊的220例患者,使用一般资料调查表、CKD人群心血管健康知识掌握度量表、慢性病自我效能量表、正性负性情绪量表和心血管健康评估工具调查,采用单因素分析、相关性分析和多元线性逐步回归分析影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷217份,有效问卷回收率98.6%。CKD患者心血管健康得分为(61.69±12.10)分。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,腰围、24 h尿蛋白定量、血尿素、复诊频率、糖尿病病史、负性情绪、心血管健康知识掌握度是CKD患者心血管健康的影响因素。结论 血尿素正常、24 h尿蛋白定量＜1 g、无糖尿病病史和复诊频率≤6个月的CKD患者,心血管健康较好,腰围越粗、负性情绪越多、心血管健康知识掌握度越少的患者,心血管健康越差。建议依据CKD患者心血管健康状况定制个性化方案,早期干预以改善预后。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the current status of cardiovascular health in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) and analyze the influencing factors in order to provide references for improving the cardiovascular health of CKD patients. Methods Through the convenient sampling method, 220 patients who visited the nephrology department of a tertiary hospital in Beijing from April to June 2023 were selected. General information questionnaire, the scale of cardiovascular health knowledge for CKD patients, chronic disease self-efficacy scale, positive and negative affective scales and cardiovascular health assessment tools were used for investigation. Univariate analysis, correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 217 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 98.6%. The score of cardiovascular health in CKD patients was (61.69±12.10) points. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that waistline, 24 h urine protein quantification, blood urea, follow-up frequency, diabetes history, negative emotion and mastery of cardiovascular health knowledge were the influencing factors of cardiovascular health in CKD patients. Conclusions CKD patients with normal blood urea, 24 h urine protein quantification <1 g, no history of diabetes and follow-up visit frequency ≤6 months have better cardiovascular health, while the patients with thicker waistline, more negative emotions, and less knowledge of cardiovascular health have poorer cardiovascular health. It is recommended to customize personalized plans based on the cardiovascular health status of CKD patients and to conduct early intervention to improve prognosis.
关键词
慢性肾脏病 /
心血管健康 /
影响因素分析 /
心血管疾病 /
问卷调查
Key words
chronic kidney disease /
cardiovascular health /
influencing factor analysis /
cardiovascular disease /
questionnaire survey
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