目的 探究新疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县(塔县)塔吉克族与柯尔克孜族居民的高血压患病差异,分析该地区两民族高血压患病相关影响因素,为边疆民族地区制定高血压精准防治策略提供科学依据。方法 选取2024年塔县完成年度体检的19 785名塔吉克族、605名柯尔克孜族常住居民为研究对象,收集人口学特征、生活方式、既往病史及体格检查等基线资料,对比两民族高血压患病率及基线资料的组间差异,并采用多因素logistic回归模型分析高血压患病的相关因素。结果 塔吉克族高血压患病率为22.4%,高于柯尔克孜族的17.4%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);两民族在年龄结构、职业分布、高血压家族史、吸烟状况、体育锻炼参与率及体质量指数(BMI)分级方面的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄(45～59岁、≥60岁)、从事农林牧渔职业、高血压家族史、BMI超重及肥胖、不吸烟、塔吉克族是该地区居民高血压患病的相关影响因素(P<0.05),其中吸烟与高血压的负向关联为高原特殊环境下的人群选择偏倚所致,并非吸烟具有保护作用。结论 塔县塔吉克族高血压患病风险显著高于柯尔克孜族。针对老年人群、农牧民等高危群体,结合民族特征干预体重异常、改变不良生活方式,并持续推进控烟宣传,是降低该地区民族人群高血压患病风险的关键举措。

Objective To explore the differences in the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) between Tajik and Kyrgyz residents in Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, Xinjiang, analyze the associated factors for HTN in the two ethnic groups in this area, and provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted HTN prevention and control strategies in border ethnic areas. Methods A total of 19785 Tajik and 605 Kyrgyz permanent residents who completed the annual physical examination in Tashkurgan County in 2024 were included as study participants. Baseline data, including demographic characteristics, lifestyle, past medical history and physical examination findings were collected. The differences in the prevalence of HTN and baseline data between the two ethnic groups were compared, and the independent risk factors for HTN were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of HTN in the Tajik ethnic group was 22.4%, which was significantly higher than 17.4% in the Kyrgyz ethnic group (P=0.003). There were statistically significant differences between the two ethnic groups in age structure, occupational distribution, family history of HTN, smoking status, physical exercise participation rate and body mass index (BMI) classification (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that increased age (45-59 years and ≥60 years), engaging in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, having a family history of HTN, overweight and obesity by BMI, non-smoking, and Tajik ethnicity were independent risk factors for HTN in residents of this area (P<0.05). The negative correlation between smoking and HTN was caused by population selection bias under the special plateau environment, and it did not mean that smoking had a protective effect. Conclusion The risk of HTN in the Tajik ethnic group in Tashkurgan County is significantly higher than that in the Kyrgyz ethnic group. The occurrence of HTN is the result of the combined action of genetic factors and environmental factors such as the plateau environment, lifestyle and occupational characteristics. Targeting high-risk groups such as older adults and farmers and herdsmen, intervening in weight and improving lifestyle in combination with ethnic characteristics, and continuously promoting tobacco-control education are the key measures to reduce the risk of HTN in ethnic populations in this area.