宫颈癌早期诊断研究进展

王 辉,曹冬焱

武警医学 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (7) : 632-634.

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武警医学 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (7) : 632-634.
综述

宫颈癌早期诊断研究进展

  • 王 辉1 ,曹冬焱2
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摘要

自1977年Laverty在电镜中观察到宫颈癌活检组织中存在HPV颗粒,以及Zur Hausen提出人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)与宫颈癌发病相关联的假设后,国内外学者对此问题进行了大量的研究,最终在1995年的IARC专题讨论会上通过HPV感染是宫颈癌的主要原因,即HPV感染是关键和必要的致病因素。宫颈癌发病缓慢,存在明确的前期病变,即宫颈上皮内瘤样变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN),从HPV感染到宫颈癌发病历时数年到十几年。在发达国家,由于宫颈癌前病变的筛查和治疗,宫颈癌的发生率已大幅下降。临床实践表明,通过筛查可以发现宫颈癌前期病变,从而阻断宫颈癌的发生,宫颈癌是世界卫生组织(WHO)唯一建议在世界范围内开展筛查的恶性肿瘤。发展中国家没有建立有效的宫颈癌筛查体系,大部分宫颈癌被发现时已经形成浸润癌,这已成为发展中国家妇女死亡的主要原因[1]。发展中国家肿瘤资料分析,80%~90%的宫颈癌发生在35~60岁。我国患病率及病死率约占世界1/3,具有年轻化的趋势。

关键词

子宫颈癌 / 早期筛查 / 人类乳头瘤病毒 / 细胞学

引用本文

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王 辉,曹冬焱. 宫颈癌早期诊断研究进展[J]. 武警医学. 2012, 23(7): 632-634
中图分类号: R711.74   

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