危重病患者的代谢特点、营养治疗原则及特殊营养物质的作用

蔡东联

武警医学 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (9) : 737-740.

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武警医学 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (9) : 737-740.
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危重病患者的代谢特点、营养治疗原则及特殊营养物质的作用

  • 蔡东联
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摘要

有Meta分析结果表明,常见危重症患者,如大手术后、重症急性胰腺炎、重度创伤、急性生理和慢性健康评估(APACHE)Ⅱ>10者存在重度营养不良风险[1]。这些都是由于机体处于高度应激,进入高分解代谢状态,同时机体合成代谢受限制,胃肠功能障碍,伴能量和蛋白质供应不足,导致营养不良。随着蛋白质不断被消耗,逐渐影响到组织和器官的结构和功能,严重者最终导致多器官衰竭,病死率增高。因此,必须及时、有效、准确地对危重病患者予以营养治疗。
营养治疗过去常称为营养支持,只是重在维持患者的氮平衡,保持瘦肉体。而全面来讲,营养治疗的目的是满足危重病患者在营养底物上的需求,如能量、蛋白质、电解质、微量元素、维生素等,调整和改善患者的代谢状态,同时提高其抗感染的能力,促进组织修复,维护器官的功能,防止严重并发症的发生[2]。营养治疗对于提高危重病患者的治愈率,降低病死率有非常重要的意义。

关键词

危重病 / 营养治疗

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蔡东联. 危重病患者的代谢特点、营养治疗原则及特殊营养物质的作用[J]. 武警医学. 2012, 23(9): 737-740
中图分类号: R459.3   

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