目的了解北京市密云县水痘流行特点和流行现状, 为水痘防控提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对密云县2007～2012年临床诊断病例进行流行病学分析。结果 2007-2012年密云县共报告水痘临床诊断病例1933例, 年平均发病率为65.16/10万。全年各月均有病例发生, 呈现4-5月份、12月份两个发病高峰。水痘在50岁以下年龄组均有发病, 14岁及以下发病占总病例数的65.86%。男女性别比1.10∶1。城区、城乡接合部、山区水痘发病率差异有统计学意义, 城区发病率最高, 山区最低。对学校和幼儿园等集体单位报告的1377例病例进行水痘疫苗免疫史分析, 有免疫史记录的占52.70%, 所有病例均为单剂次水痘疫苗接种。结论 密云县水痘发病呈逐年下降趋势, 主要与及时采取疫情控制措施和水痘疫苗应急接种提高疫苗接种率有关。学生、幼儿、散居儿童是发病的主要人群, 仍是疫苗预防的重点对象, 应适时接种第2剂水痘疫苗。

Objective To study the epidemic characteristics and epidemic situation of varicella in Miyun of Beijing, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella. Methods Clinically diagnosed patients with varicella of Miyun from 2007 to 2012 were epidemiologically analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Results 1933 cases of clinically diagnosed varicella from 2007 to 2012 in Miyun were reported, the average annual incidence rate was 65.16/10⁵. There were cases in every month of the year, two peaks of incidence appeared in April, May and December. There were varicella patients in every group below 50 years old. 14 years old group and below accounted for 65.86% of total cases. The sex ratio of male and female was 1.10∶1. Incidence rates of varicella disease were statistically significant in city, urban and rural, mountainous area. The incidence was highest in city and lowest in mountainous areas.The immunization history of varicella vaccine of 1377 cases reported by schools and kindergartens and other collective units were analysed, 52.70% of them had immune history, all the cases received single dose of varicella vaccine. Conclusions Incidence of varicella in Miyun decreased year by year, which is relevant to taking control measures and varicella vaccine emergency vaccination to improve vaccination rate. Children, students, scattered children constitute of the main incidence group, they were still the focus of vaccine prevention, and should receive the inoculation of the second dose of varicella vaccine timely.