随着疾病谱的改变和医学的快速发展，健康观念和医学模式随之改变，健康不再只是没有疾病，疾病的治疗也很难用单纯的治愈率、生存率进行评价，需要一个符合生物心理社会医学模式的综合评价指标;能综合评价人的生理、心理和社会功能状态及疾病的影响的指标——生存质量(quality of life)，于20世纪80年代初期开始在医学领域掀起研究热潮[1]。何谓生存质量，1993年世界卫生组织(WHO) 给生存质量下的定义为:生存质量是不同文化价值体系中的个体对于他们的目标、期望、标准，以及所关心的事情和有关生存状况的体验[2]。生存质量由与健康相关的因素(如身体，功能，情绪，精神健康)和非健康相关因素(如工作，家庭，朋友及其他生活情形)共同决定，健康相关生存质量主要是从医疗角度出发，致力于说明与疾病或治疗有关或受其影响的自我感知的幸福感[3]。
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