目的 分析乌鲁木齐市(以下简称乌市)院前急救创伤流行病学特征,为院前急救规划和资源配置提供参考。方法 对全年创伤患者数据进行ICD-10编码,采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法比较各组发病率、相对危险度和创伤原因、部位构成比。结果 全年创伤患者共 12 582 例,占总人数25.2%;发病率为 478.5/10万。每天16:00-18:00为高峰时段占11.9%,夏秋季发病7376例,占58.6%;男性发病率为 653.8/10万显著高于女性 290.5/10万,RR为2.25(χ2=1819.128,P<0.001),18～60岁人群创伤病例10 078例,占80.1%(χ2=1141.29,P<0.001),均有统计学意义。首位致伤原因为交通事故伤占28.5%;首位致伤部位是头颅和脑占32.6%;不同性别(χ2=350.151,P<0.001)、不同年龄组(χ2=3696.133,P<0.001)致伤原因有统计学意义。结论 乌市创伤发病率高,呈现出男高于女,夏秋季、中青年人高发,交通事故致伤严重以及头颅脑伤为主的特点,卫计委主管部门应积极采取措施,合理配置院前急救资源,针对主要创伤重点培训,有效提高救治水平。
Abstract
Objective To analyze of the epidemiological characteristics of the pre-hospital firs aid trauma so as to provide the reference for the pre-hospital first aid plan and resource allocation.Methods ICD-10 was used to codify the disease. We used Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test to compare the incidence, relative risk (RR) and proportion of the trauma.Results Totally 12 582 trauma cases, occupying 25.2%, were registered in the system and the trauma incidence rate was 478.5/one hundred thousand. The period 16:00-18:00 of a day was the peak, occupying 11.9%, and a number of 7376 trauma cases, occupying 58.6% were found in summer and autumn. There was significant difference between the incidence of male 653.8/one hundred thousand and female 290.5/105(χ2=1819.128,P<0.001), and RR was 2.25. The population aged 18-60,occupied the greatest proportion of 80.1% (10 078 cases) among the age groups (χ2=1141.29,P<0.001). The top cause of trauma was road accident(28.5%)and the first site of trauma was head(32.6%). The causes of trauma were significantly different between genders (χ2=350.151,P<0.001) and age groups (χ2=3696.133,P<0.001),respectively.Conclusions There is high incidence of trauma in Urumqi with the characteristics of high level of male, summer and autumn and young population. Road accidents and head injury are the main causes and trauma sites. Some measures should be taken to improve the trauma medication. These Results provide the reference for the scientific allocation of the emergency medical resources and emergency medical plan.
关键词
疾病谱 /
院前急救 /
创伤 /
流行病学
Key words
Pre-hospital disease spectrum /
Medical Emergency /
Trauma /
Epidemiological Characteristics
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基金
新疆维吾尔族自治区乌鲁木齐市卫生局科技计划项目(2015013)
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