目的 探讨自我效能干预对2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为的影响。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,抽取农村2型糖尿病患者104例,随机分成干预组和对照组。采用自我管理行为问卷对两组患者进行评估,并检测两组空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖。对照组给予常规治疗及健康教育,干预组给予基于自我效能理论的系统干预,包括饮食、运动、血糖监测、足部护理、药物、戒烟等6个方面。共干预6 个月,在干预3、6个月时,分别对两组进行评估并比较。结果 干预前,两组糖尿病患者的自我管理行为、空腹血糖及餐后血糖差异均无统计学意义。干预后,干预组患者自我管理行为各维度均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患者空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 自我效能干预可有效提高2型糖尿病患者的自我管理行为,有利于控制血糖。

Objective To investigate the effect of self-efficacy intervention on the self-management actions in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Cluster sampling method was adopted in this study. 104 rural patients with type 2 diabetes who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups randomly: intervention group and control group. Self-management actions questionnaire, fasting blood-glucose test and 2 h blood-glucose test after a meal were evaluated. The patients in the control group were treated with routine treatment and health education, while the intervention group was treated with system intervention based on the self-efficacy theory, including diet, sports, blood sugar monitoring, pedicure, drugs, abstaining from smoking. The intervention process lasted for six months, and patients were evaluated at three and six months, respectively. Results Before the intervention, the self-management actions, fasting blood-glucose and blood-glucose after meal had no significant difference between the two groups. After the intervention, every dimension of the self-management actions of the patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than that of the patients in the control group (P＜0.05). While the fasting blood-glucose and 2 h blood-glucose after meal of the patients in the intervention group were significantly lower than that of the patients in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusions The self-efficacy intervention can improve the self-management abilities of the patients with diabetes and control the blood-glucose effectively to prevent the complication.