目的 观察并对比多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS) 在经腹超声(transabdominal ultrasonography, TAUS) 和经阴道超声(transvaginal ultrasonography, TVUS) 下的形态学特点,寻找客观实用的PCOS超声诊断指标和方法。方法 采用TAUS和TVUS对50例PCOS患者(PCOS组)和50例正常育龄妇女(对照组)进行卵巢形态学的观察与测量, 分别测量计算卵泡数(NF)、卵巢体积(OV)、卵巢间质面积(SA)、卵巢总面积(TA)及SA/ TA 比值,采用多普勒技术探查测量卵巢血流动力学参数,包括卵巢间质动脉搏动指数(PI)、 阻力指数(RI)及峰值血流速度(PSV),比较PCOS组及对照组的诊断结果,并将PCOS组TAUS、TVUS的检查结果比较。结果 PCOS组NF、OV、SA、TA和SA/ TA较对照组高,卵巢间质小动脉RI、PI较对照组低,PSV较对照组高。PCOS组TVUS的NF明显多于TAUS,OV及可显示最小卵泡直径明显小于TAUS,漏诊率(2.0%)低于TAUS(22.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 NF、OV、SA、TA、SA/TA 比值、PI、RI、PSV的测量及计算在PCOS 的诊断中具有非常重要的价值,TVUS漏诊率低于TAUS。

Objective To observe and contrast the morphological characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) under both transadominal (TAUS) and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) and find some and practical diagnosis standards and for ultrasonography of PCOS.Methods The ovarian number of follicle(NF) , ovarian volume(OV) , ovarian stromal area(SA) , total area (TA) , SA/ TA ratio and PI, RI, PSV of the ovarian artery in Doppler ultrasound were measured and compared in 50 patients with PCOS, in 50 normal women, and in another 50 patients with PCOS under TVUS and TAUS.Results NF, OV, SA, TA, SA/ TA ratio and PSV of the ovarian artery in PCOS group were higher than those in normal group, but PI, RI of the ovarian artery in PCOS group were lower than those in normal group. In PCOS groups, the NF tested by TVUS was much larger than that by TAUS, and there was statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusions NF, OV, SA, TA, SA/TA ratio and PI, RI, PSV of the ovarian artery are of great importance for the diagnosis of PCOS. TAUS combined with TVUS can enhance the precision of diagnosis of PCOS and reduce its rate of failure diagnosis.