目的 分析某学院15例聚集麻疹患者发病的流行病学和临床特征及防控处理,有利于防止麻疹暴发。方法 对15例麻疹患者聚集发病的流行病学资料和临床资料进行调查分析、采样,对聚集发病原因、流行病学特点、临床特点及采取的防控措施进行分析。结果 15例麻疹患者春季聚集发病,临床特征为发热、皮疹、咽痛、咳嗽、流涕、鼻塞,口腔黏膜斑、发热、皮疹,合并肺部感染及结膜炎1例,心肌炎1例,麻疹病毒核酸13例阳性。流行病学特征:首发病例发生于2015-04-01,疫情高峰在4月13日至4月17日,4月17日结束,二代感染病例集中于该病的最长潜伏期内。有明确的流行病学接触史11例,占73%,主要集中在同一层楼的3个宿舍,呈现聚集性分布。均为男性学员,年龄19～25岁。结论 麻疹暴发与季节、疫苗接种、发病年龄、防控措施是否及时实施有关。建议各大专院校及居住比较密集单位的临床医师注意春季麻疹散发病例,立即隔离麻疹患者,密切接触者及时进行预防接种,防止麻疹暴发。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and strategies of control of fifteen outbreaks of measles in a college.Methods The epidemiological and clinical data of 15 cases of measles was investigated, samples were taken, the cause of these outbreaks was analyzed, and the epidemiological characteristics and strategies of control were analyzed.Results The outbreaks of measles mostly occurred in spring. The clinical characteristics included fever, rash, pharyngalgia, cough, a running nose, a stuffy nose, and oral leukoplakia. One of the patients developed pneumonia and conjunctivitis, and another one developed myocarditis. Measles virus nucleic acid was positive in 13 cases. As for epidemiological characteristics, the first case occurred on April 1 2015,the peak of the epidemic occurred between April 13 and April 17, and the epidemic ended on April 17. Cases of infection of the second generation were concentrated in the longest incubation period. Eleven of these patients had definite epidemiological contact with measles, accounting for 73% of the patients.These patients of measles mostly lived in three dormitories on the same floor. They were all males, aged 19 to 25.Conclusions The outbreak of measles was associated with the season, vaccination, age of disease onset, and control strategies. It is recommended that clinical doctors be alert to sporadic cases of measles in spring in colleges and densely-populated neighborhoods, isolate the measles patients immediately, vaccinate those who have close contact with measles patients, and guard against outbreaks of measles.