目的 研究不同训练负荷下,大鼠骨骼肌超微结构及线粒体呼吸链酶复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase, T-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(manganese superoxide dismutase, Mn-SOD)和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(copper zincsuperoxide dismutase, CuZn-SOD)的变化。方法 建立SD大鼠跑台训练模型,将24只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、有氧训练组、无氧训练组,每组8只,正常对照组大鼠笼内正常生活,其他两组分别进行有氧和无氧训练4周,有氧训练时采用递增负荷训练,无氧训练时采用高速训练。采用透射电镜观察骨骼肌形态及线粒体变化。用可见分光光度计检测大鼠骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链酶复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ,以及T-SOD、Mn-SOD和CuZn-SOD活性。结果 相比正常对照组,电镜下有氧训练组线粒体数量增多,三联体结构明显。无氧训练组中可见大量发生肿胀的线粒体,电子密度较正常染色体低;明带与暗带界限不清,粗细肌丝排列紊乱。相比正常对照组,有氧训练组大鼠骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链酶复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ,以及T-SOD、Mn-SOD和CuZn-SOD活性均显著上升(P<0.05);无氧训练组线粒体呼吸链酶复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ以及T-SOD和Mn-SOD活性显著下降(P< 0.05),CuZn-SOD活性[(2.68±0.61)×103 nkat/mgprot]与正常对照组活性值[(3.73±1.24)×103 nkat/mgprot]相比,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 不同训练负荷可以改变大鼠骨骼肌线粒体功能,导致抗氧化功能发生相应变化,从而对骨骼肌形态产生较大影响。有氧训练可以改善骨骼肌形态结构和线粒体功能,减轻机体疲劳。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the changes of the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) under different training loads and the effect of training load on oxidative function of skeletal muscle in rats.Methods An exercise model of SD rats was established after four weeks of aerobic treadmill running and anaerobic training. Ascending load training was adopted during aerobic exercise, while high-speed training was adopted during anaerobic exercise with 8 rats in each group. A normal control group was set up. Morphological and mitochondrial changes of skeletal muscle were observed under a transmission electron microscope. A visible spectrophotometer was used to detect the activity of mitochondria respiratory chain enzyme complexes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and T-SOD, Mn-SOD and CuZn-SOD in rat skeletal muscle.Results The electron microscope showed the number of mitochondria was increased and triplet structure was obvious in the aerobic training load group compared with the normal control group. In the anaerobic training load group, a large number of swollen mitochondria were observed, the electron density was lower than that of the normal chromosome, the boundary between the bright bands and dark bands was unclear, and the arrangement of the thick and thin myofilaments was disorderly. Compared to the normal control group, the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, T-SOD, Mn-SOD and CuZn-SOD in rat skeletal muscle in the aerobic training load group were increased significantly (P<0.05), while those of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, T-SOD and Mn-SOD in the anaerobic training load group were decreased significantly (P< 0.05), but the CuZn-SOD activity was (2.68±0.61)×103 nkat/mgprot, which was not significantly different from the normal control group, whose activity was (3.73±1.24)×103 nkat/mgprot (P>0.05).Conclusions Different training loads can change the morphological and antioxidation functions of skeletal muscle, which can impact the oxidation function of skeletal muscle. Aerobic training load can effectively improve the mitochondrial function and morphological function of skeletal muscle while alleviating fatigue of the body.
关键词
训练负荷 /
骨骼肌 /
线粒体 /
超氧化物歧化酶
Key words
training load /
skeletal muscle /
mitochondria /
superoxide dismutase
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