目的 了解武警士兵驻藏时间对体能和相关生化指标的影响,以更好地指导士兵习服及高原体能训练。方法 选取驻西藏海拔3700 m武警某部男性士兵69人为研究对象,按入伍驻藏时间的不同分为急性高原暴露组(n=36)和慢性高原暴露组(n=33),分别于3 km测试前后进行睾酮(T)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶MB型同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、红细胞数目(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HB)检测,并在3 km测试后应用运动自觉强度(rating of perceived exertion,RPE)评估疲劳程度。结果 慢性高原暴露组3 km测试成绩明显优于急性高原暴露组[(910.00±62.20)s vs. (944.56±74.46)s, P＜0.05],RPE评分明显低于急性高原暴露组[(7.53±0.81)分 vs.(8.39±0.75)分,P＜0.05],且3 km测试成绩及RPE评分与驻藏时间均呈显著负相关(相关系数分别为r=-0.311,P=0.009和r=-0.344,P=0.004);3 km测试前,慢性高原暴露组T、RBC、HB明显高于急性高原暴露组,而CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST则明显低于急性高原暴露组(P＜0.05)。3 km测试后,两组T、CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST均显著增加(P＜0.05),但RBC、HB均无明显变化;两组相比各项指标变化值差异均无统计学意义。结论 驻高原武警士兵对高原低氧环境具有较强的适应能力,可伴随生化指标的相应变化;随着驻藏及训练时间的延长,其低氧环境生理适应性更强、体能更好。

Objective To investigate the effect of lengths of stay in Tibet on stamina and related physiological indices of Armed Police soldiers so as to provide data for acclimatization and physical fitness training. Methods Sixty-nine male soldiers from a unit of the Armed Police stationed in Tibet at an altitude of 3700 m were selected as the subjects. They were divided into the acute plateau exposure group and the chronic plateau exposure group according to the time they were enlisted in Tibet. Levels of testosterone (T), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin (HB) were measured before and after the 3 km test. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was used to assess levels of fatigue after 3 km test. Results The chronic plateau exposure group had better a 3 km test results [(910.00±62.20)s vs. (944.56±74.46)s, P＜0.05] while the acute plateau exposure group had significantly increased RPE scores [(7.53±0.81)score vs. (8.39±0.75)score, P＜0.05]. In addition, 3 km test results and RPE scores were negatively correlated with lengths of stay in Tibet (r=-0.311,P=0.009 and r=-0.344,P=0.004). Before the 3 km test, T, RBC and HB of the chronic plateau exposure group were much higher while CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST were significantly lower than those of the acute plateau exposure group (P＜0.05). After the 3 km test, T, CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST increased significantly in both groups (P＜0.05), but RBC and HB did not change significantly. There was no statistically significant difference in the value of each index between the two groups. Conclusions Armed Police soldiers on the plateau have stronger adaptability to the hypoxic environment with corresponding changes in biochemical indices. With the extension of stay and training, the soldiers will have stronger adaptability and stamina in the hypoxic environment on the plateau.