目的 了解儿童轻微头外伤分布特点,探讨头外伤创伤机制与危险分层的相关性,提出针对性的公共卫生预防措施。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究,纳入2015-01至2015-12在四川大学华西医院急诊科就诊的344例轻微头外伤患儿,通过《四川大学华西医院儿童轻微头外伤评估、随访登记表》和电话随访,收集儿童头外伤流行病学特点和预后资料,分析受伤机制与危险分层的相关性。结果 344例患儿平均年龄为1.62(0.75,3.58)岁,男190例,女154例;受伤至就诊平均时间1.00(3.00,8.00)h;跌倒(45.3%)是最常见的受伤机制,枕部(35.8%)是最容易受伤的部位,瓷砖地面(55.8%)是最常见接触物材质,最常见撞击头部的物体形态是平面(82.2%)。在创伤机制中,高处跌落、受伤时间、瓷砖地面、尖角物体都是小儿头外伤高危风险因素(P<0.05)。结论 受伤机制与小儿头外伤危险分层有相关性,医师开展临床评估时应重视小儿头外伤受伤机制,有针对性采取预防措施。
Abstract
Objective To find out about the distribution of minor head injury in children, explore the correlation between the mechanisms of head injury and risk stratification, and recommend targeted precautions.Methods An observational study was conducted in 344 children with mild head injury who were admitted to the Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between January 2015 and December 2015. Data on the epidemiology and prognosis of head injury of these children was collected by asking the subjects to fill in the form of Evaluation and Follow-up of Children with Mild Head Injury in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and making phone calls. The correlation between injury mechanisms and risk stratification was analyzed.Results The median age of the 344 children, including 190 boys and 154 girls, was 1.62 (0.75, 3.58). The median interval between injury and treatment was 1.00 (3.00, 8.00) hour. Falls (45.3%) were the most common cause of head injury and the occiput (35.8%) was the most vulnerable part to injury. The tile floor (55.8%) was the most common contact material that led to head injury. The most common object that hit a child in the head was the flat surface(82.2%). Falls from a high place, the interval between injury and treatment, tile floors, and sharp-angled objects were all risk factors for head injury among children(P<0.05).Conclusions The injury mechanism is related to the risk stratification of head injury in children. Doctors should care about the injury mechanism of head injury in children and take precautions.
关键词
小儿轻微头外伤 /
受伤机制 /
危险分层
Key words
minor head injury in children /
injury mechanisms /
risk stratification
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参考文献
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基金
北京协和医学基金会“睿E”(睿意)急诊医学研究专项基金(HX-H1710129)
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