目的 调查400 m障碍训练中发生前交叉韧带损伤的位置和原因,并提出预防措施。方法 选择2017-01至2019-12武警广西总队医院收治的前交叉韧带损伤的武警官兵,采集详细的病史,包括受伤科目,若科目为400 m障碍训练则记录受伤的位置和原因。结果 入选92例中,400 m障碍训练发生最多(48例,52.2%)。400 m障碍训练中,该损伤经常出现于从云梯(31.3%)和独木桥(27.1%)上跳下来的时刻。常见的损伤原因有准备活动不充分(25.0%),缺少专项性准备活动,以及场地条件欠佳(18.8%),主要是从高处跳下时落脚点的地面较硬。结论 400 m障碍训练就最容易出现前交叉韧带损伤的科目,从云梯和独木桥上没有扶持而直接跳下经常引起损伤。增加有针对性的专项准备活动可以降低损伤风险。

Objective To investigate the locations and causes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during 400-meter barrier training, and to propose precautions. Methods The subjects were soldiers who were hospitalized due to ACL injury in Guangxi Autonomous Regional Crops Hospital between January, 2017 and December, 2019. The detailed medical history of these patients was recorded, including the types of training that had led to ACL injury. Locations and causes of ACL injury related to 400-meter barrier training were specified. Results Ninety-two cases of ACL injury were collected. 400-meter barrier training caused the largest number of cases of ACL injury (48cases, 52.2%). During 400-meter barrier training, ACL injury often occurred when soldiers jumped off the high horizontal ladder (31.3%) and the single-plank bridge (27.1%). Common causes of ACL injury included inadequate warm-up (25.0%), a lack of specific warm-up, and poor-quality fields (18.8%), mainly involving a hard landing area. Conclusions During 400-meter barrier training, soldiers are most vulnerable to ACL injury that often occurs when soldiers directly jump off the high horizontal ladder and the single-plank bridge with nothing for support. The chance of ACL injury can be reduced by means of effective warm-up.