目的 分析武警某队属医院部队官兵皮肤科病种构成和各项用药数据,了解药品使用情况,为医院相关药物和卫勤保障药品配置工作提供科学依据。方法 收集医院2018—2019年皮肤科部队患者门诊和巡诊处方,采用回顾性研究方法,对门诊和巡诊处方诊断主要皮肤疾病构成、不同给药途径药品处方构成、各类药品处方构成以及口服药品用药频度等进行统计。结果 共收集处方1756张,其中门诊处方1573张,巡诊处方183张,门诊患者以变态反应性皮肤病、真菌性皮肤病、病毒性皮肤病多发(分别占39.03%、18.25%、13.10%),巡诊患者以变态反应性皮肤病、细菌性皮肤病、昆虫性皮肤病多发(分别占37.16% 、19.13%、12.02%),各类皮肤病的门诊和巡诊的处方构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而且不同给药途径在门诊[外用931张(59.19%)、口服573张(36.43%)、注射69张(4.39%)]和巡诊[外用151张(82.51%)、口服32张(17.49%)、注射0张]的处方构成比有统计学差异;门诊使用的外用药品以抗真菌药、其他消毒止痒药和抗细菌药为主(分别占26.96%、25.46%、24.27%),巡诊的外用药品以其他消毒止痒药、抗真菌药和糖皮质激素为主(分别占48.34%、38.41%、22.52%),门诊和巡诊的外用药品处方构成比有统计学差异(P<0.05);门诊和巡诊口服药以抗组胺药为主(分别占64.74%、62.50%),但口服药在门诊和巡诊的处方构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 该院门诊部队患者以变态反应性和真菌性皮肤病多发,用药以口服抗组胺药及抗真菌外用药为主,巡诊部队患者以变态反应性皮肤病、细菌性皮肤病为多发,用药以外用消毒止痒药和抗细菌药为主,门诊和巡诊患者用药基本合理。

Objective To offer guidance for allocation of drugs for medical support in the hospital by investigating the disease composition and medications in a dermatological department.Methods The prescriptions for outpatients and medical rounds by a department of dermatology between 2018 and 2019 were collected for analysis. A retrospective study was made on the constituent ratio of different dermatosis, routes of administration, categories of medicine, and DDDs of oral drugs.Results The collected 1756 prescriptions included 1573 ones for outpatients and 183 for medical rounds. Drugs for allergic, fungal and viral dermatosis were dominant in outpatient prescriptions (the constituent ratio was 39.03%,18.25% and 13.10% respectively), while drugs for allergic, bacterial and insect dermatosis were dominating in medical rounds prescriptions (the constituent ratio was 37.16% ,19.13% and 12.02% respectively). There was significant difference in the constituent ratio of prescriptions of drugs for dermatosis between the outpatient department and medical rounds(P<0.05). Furthermore, the number of drugs for external use, oral drugs and injection prescriptions was respectively 931(59.19%), 573(36.43%) and 69(4.39%) in the outpatient department, compared with 151 (82.51%), 32(17.49%) and 0(0%) for medical rounds, so there was also significant difference in the routes of administration between the two types of prescriptions. The constituent ratio of drugs for external use was dominated by antifungal, disinfectant , antipruritic and antibacterial drugs (26.96%, 25.46% and 24.27% respectively) among outpatients, but was dominated by disinfectants and antipruritic, antifungal and glucocorticoid drugs (48.34%, 38.41%,22.52% respectively) among patients treated during medical rounds. Oral antihistamines were common in outpatients and medical rounds (64.74% and 62.50% respectively), but no significant difference was found in the constituent ratio of oral drugs between the two types of prescriptions (P>0.05).Conclusions Allergic and fungal dermatosis is the most common in the outpatient department and oral antihistamines and antifungal drugs are common medications for such diseases. Allergic and bacterial dermatosis is the most common diseases in medical rounds, while disinfectant and antipruritic drugs for external use as well as antifungal drugs are common medications for such diseases. Medications are basically rational in both the outpatient department and medical rounds.