目的 探讨维和官兵孤独感影响因素及社会支持对孤独感的作用路径。方法 整群抽取某部维和官兵303名测试UCLA孤独量表(UCLA loneliness scale,UCLA)、大五人格量表简化版(neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory,NEO-FFI)、成就动机量表(achievement motivation scale,AMS)、社会支持评定量表(social support rating scale,SSRS)及一般情况调查表。结果 (1)UCLA:总均分为(31.78±9.92),中度孤独感(总分≥40)体验者占26.74%,无高孤独感者。(2)相关分析:神经质(r=0.431)、避免失败动机(r=0.352)与孤独感均呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),而外向性(r=-0.295)、开放性(r=-0.137)、宜人性(r=-0.286)、严谨性(r=-0.315)及社会支持利用度(r=-0.352)与孤独感均呈显著负相关。(3)回归分析:神经质、避免失败动机、社会支持利用度进入回归方程,共解释22.6%的变异量。(4)路径分析:支持利用度对孤独感存在直接效应,占总效应的60.2%;神经质在支持利用度与孤独感之间存在部分中介效应,占总效应的32.1%;神经质和避免失败动机在二者之间存在链式中介效应,占总效应的7.7%。结论 维和官兵孤独感受多种因素影响,社会支持可直接缓解孤独,也能通过塑造人格、影响成就动机等多途径而减少孤独。
Abstract
Objective To explore the influential factors of peacekeeping soldiers' loneliness and the effect of social support on their loneliness.Methods Three hundred and three soldiers in peacekeeping mission to Mali were chosen to perform the test with UCLA loneliness scale (UCLA), neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI), achievement motivation scale (AMS), social support rating scale (SSRS), and general condition questionnaire.Results The total average score of loneliness was (31.78±9.92). Peacekeepers with moderate loneliness accounted for 26.74%,and peacekeepers with high loneliness did not appear; neuroticism(r=0.431), motivation to avoid failure(r=0.352),extroversion(r=-0.295), openness(r=-0.137),agreeableness(r=-0.286), conscientiousness(r=-0.315) and social support utilization(r=-0.352) were significantly correlated with loneliness; neuroticism, motivation to avoid failure and social support utilization entered the regression equation of loneliness, accounting for 22.6% of the total variance; support utilization had a direct effect on loneliness, accounting for 60.2%. Neuroticism was partially mediated between support utilization and loneliness, accounting for 32.1%. There was a chain-mediated effect of support utilization→neuroticism→failure avoidance motivation→loneliness, accounting for 7.7% of the total effect.Conclusions Loneliness of peacekeepers is influenced by many factors, and social support is a direct method to reduce the loneliness through shaping good personality and affecting achievement motivation.
关键词
维和官兵 /
孤独感 /
社会支持 /
路径分析
Key words
peacekeeping soldiers /
loneliness /
social support /
path analysis
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