目的 探讨高海拔环境下军事共同训练科目中新兵减员的相关预测因素。方法 选取武警某部2021年3月入伍的64名新兵为研究对象,以3个月训练期为观察期。根据是否按时完成新兵共同训练科目分为按时完成组(n=38)和延迟完成组(n=26)。收集两组新兵训练表现情况、受伤情况、疾病和减员情况的相关数据,并进行对比。客观评估指标包括唾液皮质醇和睾酮、步数、心肺功能和肌肉耐力;主观评估指标则采用问卷调查的方式对抑郁、焦虑和压力情况进行评估。利用广义线性回归模型对两组各项观察指标进行评估。结果 与延时完成组比较,按时完成组新兵军事共同科目训练成绩明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。训练第1周,与延时完成组比较,按时完成组新兵步数和VO2 max值均明显升高,恢复期唾液肌酸激酶和白介素-6含量明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。训练第12周,与延时完成组比较,按时完成组新兵抑郁、焦虑和压力评分均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。新兵训练期受伤的危险因素包括延时完成训练及睡前较高的唾液皮质醇含量(RR=3.26、2.03,P＜0.05),保护因素包括较高唾液睾酮含量和VO2 max(RR=0.98、0.80,P＜0.05)。新兵训练期出现偏离路径的风险因素包括受伤、醒来30 min较高的唾液皮质醇含量、较高的抑郁和压力量表评分(RR=4.03、1.27、1.07、1.11,P＜0.05),保护因素包括醒来时较高的睾酮浓度、高步数和VO2 max(RR=0.99、0.99、0.85,P＜0.05)。结论 在新兵训练中,较高的睾酮浓度和入伍前较高的体能水平,可有效降低训练损伤和训练减员的风险。管理者使用主客观相结合的评价方法进行持续监测不良反应,有助于预测新兵训练不适应的风险。
Abstract
Objective To explore the relative predictive factors of new recruit reduction in common military training under high-altitude environment. Methods Sixty-four new recruits of a unitof Chinese People’s Armed Police Force who entered the army in March 2021 were selected as the research objects, and the 3-month training period was taken as the observation period. According to whether they completed the common training subjects on time, the new recruits were divided into timely group (n=38) and delayed group (n=26). Data on training performance, injury, illnesses and downsizing were collected and compared between the two groups. Objective assessment measures included salivary cortisol and testosterone, step count, cardiopulmonary function and muscle endurance. The subjective indicators were evaluated by questionnaires for depression, anxiety and stress. The generalized linear regression model was used to evaluate each observation index of the two groups. Results Compared with the delayed group, the common military subjects training scores of the recruits in the timely group were significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At the first week of training, compared with the delayed group, the steps and VO2 max values of recruits in the timely group significantly increased, and the contents of salivation creatine kinase and interleukin-6 in the recovery period significantly decreased, with statistical significance (P<0.05). At the 12th week of training, compared with the delayed group, the scores of depression, anxiety and stress in the timely group were significantly reduced, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The risk factors included delayed completion of training and higher salivary cortisol content before bedtime (RR=3.26, 2.03, P<0.05), and the protective factors included higher salivary testosterone content and VO2 max (RR=0.98, 0.80, P<0.05). The risk factors for deviating paths during the training period included injury, higher salivary cortisol content 30 min after waking, higher depression and stress scale scores (RR=4.03, 1.27, 1.07, 1.11, P<0.05). Protective factors included higher testosterone concentration, higher step count, and VO2 max (RR=0.99, 0.99, 0.85, P<0.05). Conclusions In the new recruit training, higher testosterone concentration and higher physical fitness level before joining the army can effectively reduce the risk of training injuriesand training loss. Managers use subjective and objective evaluation methods to continuously monitor adverse reactions, which is helpful to predict the risk of maladaptation of recruits' training, so as to reduce injuries and ensure the completion of new recruits' training.
关键词
新兵 /
军事压力 /
军事共同科目 /
高原 /
减员
Key words
new recruit /
military pressure /
commonmilitary subject /
plateau /
personnel reduction
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