[1] Santoro N, Filicori M, Crowley W F. Hypogonadotropic disorders in men and women: diagnosis and therapy with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone[J]. Endocrine Reviews, 1986,7(1):11-23.
[2] Anna C,Ravikumar B.Kallmann syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogon adism:the role of semaphorin signaling on GnRH neurons[J]. HandbClinNeurol, 2021,182:307-315.
[3] Sedlmeyera M P,Delayed P.Analysis of a large case series from an academic center[J]. J ClinEndocrinol. 2022,87(4):1613-1633.
[4] Cariski A T. Isolated CNS Sarcoidosis[J]. JAMA, 1981,245(1):62-63.
[5] Jenkins J S, Gilbert C J, Ang V. Hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients with craniopharyngiomas[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1976,43(2):394-399.
[6] Taotao S,Wenchao X U,Delayed P,et al.Reversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a Chinese male cohort[J].Andrologia,2022, 54(11): 12.
[7] Suzy D C,Bianco A,Ursula B. The genetic and molecular basis of idiopathic hypogonado trapic hypogonadism[J]. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2009,5(10): 569-576.
[8] 杨 罗,陈恒珊,屈 锐. 男性特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症的诊治[J]. 中华男科学杂志,2018,24(8):744-747.
[9] 中华医学会内分泌学分会性腺学组. 特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症诊治专家共识[J].中华内科杂志,2015,54(8):739-744.
[10] Nachtigall L B,Boepple P A,Pralong F P,et al.Adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropichypogonadism--a treatable form of male infertility[J].N Engl J Med,1997,336(6):410-415.
[11] Kemal T. Update on the genetics of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism[J]. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol,2017,9(Suppl 2): 113-122.
[12] Dwyer A A,Hayes F J,Plummer L,et al.The long-term clinical follow-up and natural history of men with adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism[J].J ClinEndocrinol Metab,2010,95(9):4235-4243.
[13] Topaloglu A K,Kotan L D.Genetics of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism[J].Endocr Dev,2016,29:36-49.
[14] Leslie G. Biesecker A, Steven M. Harrison, ClinGen sequence variant interpretation working group. the ACMG/AMP reputable source criteria for the interpretation of sequence variants[J]. Genet Med, 2018, 20(12): 1687-1688.
[15] 茅江峰,王 曦, 屈 锐,成年发生的特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症临床特点分析[J].中华医学杂志,2018,98(20):1957-1600.
[16] Mao J F,Nie M,Lu S Y,et al.Adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropichypogonadism: possible aetiology, clinical manifestations and management[J].Asian J Androl,2010,12(4):611-614.
[17] Suzuki F,Shimizu C,Umetsu M,et al.Adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to isolated pituitary gonadotropin deficiency[J].Intern Med,2004,43(7):571-574.