肾结石是泌尿系统常见病,其发病率、复发率和治疗费用都很高。体外震波碎石术(ESWL)、经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)、逆行肾内手术(RIRS)是目前治疗肾结石最常用的方式。首次接受治疗后的患者未来5～10年复发率约为50%。经过治疗后的残石大小和位置是决定后期是否出现临床症状和继续治疗的主要因素。ESWL后肾脏残石(RFs)<4 mm 或 PCNL、RIRS 后 RFs<2 mm 的患者应该每年行CT检查1次,同时密切随访。若非手术治疗无效,则建议通过输尿管镜进行治疗。RFs应该通过结石分析及明确结石形成原因来进行药物治疗,有助于提前预防结石复发和残石生长。
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