目的 调查西安市1～6岁儿童特应性皮炎(AD)发病情况并分析其过敏原分布特征。方法 选取空军军医大学第一附属医院、西北妇女儿童医院和西安市第三医院2021-03至2023-05门诊确诊的AD患儿1164例,检测并分析患儿血清总IgE和特异性IgE结果。结果 1岁儿童AD占比最高,6岁儿童AD占比最低,1～3岁儿童AD占比合计超过65%;1～6岁儿童中男童AD占比57.99%,高于女童(42.01%)。食入性过敏原中,4～6岁儿童芒果和虾过敏原阳性率显著高于1~3岁儿童,鸡蛋白、牛奶、腰果过敏原阳性率显著低于1～3岁儿童(P＜0.05);吸入性过敏原中,4~6岁儿童户尘螨、蟑螂、霉菌组合、胡桃栎榆柏梧桐枫桦柳杨过敏原阳性率显著高于1~3岁儿童,猫狗毛屑过敏原阳性率显著低于1～3岁儿童(P＜0.05)。1~3岁儿童中,男童鸡蛋白、牛奶、腰果、猫狗毛屑、户尘螨过敏原阳性率显著高于女童(P＜0.05),4～6岁儿童中,男童猫狗毛屑过敏原阳性率显著高于女童(P＜0.05)。四肢躯干AD占比最高,其次为头面眼睑、颈项、肘窝膝窝、手部和足部。结论 1～6岁儿童不同年龄段常见的过敏原不同,1～3岁儿童常见过敏原为鸡蛋白、牛奶、猫狗毛屑,4～6岁儿童常见过敏原为牛奶、猫狗毛屑、户尘螨、霉菌组合。食入性过敏原随着年龄的增长而下降,吸入性过敏原随着年龄的增长而上升。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged 1-6 years in Xi'an city and to analyze the distribution characteristics of allergens. Methods A total of 1164 children with AD diagnosed in outpatient clinics from March 2021 to May 2023 in three hospitals (the First Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of PLA Air Force, the Northwest Women and Children’s Hospital, and the Third Hospital of Xi'an) were selected as the observation subjects, and the total serum IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) results of all patients were detected and analyzed. Results The percentage of AD in 1-year-old children was the highest, the percentage of AD in 6-year-old children was the lowest, and the combined percentage of AD in 1- to 3-year-old children was more than 65%. the percentage of AD in 1- to 6-year-old children was 57.99% in boys, which was higher than that in girls, which was 42.01%; Among the ingestible allergens, the positive rates of mango and shrimp in children aged 4 to 6 years were significantly higher than those in children aged 1-3 years,while the positive rates of egg white, milk, and cashew were significantly lower than those in children aged 1-3 years (P＜0.05). Among the inhalation allergens, the positive rates of household dust mites, cockroaches, mold combinations, walnut oak, elm, maple, birch and poplar a allergens in children aged 4-6 years were significantly higher than hose in children aged 1-3 years, and the positive rate of dog and cat dander allergens was significantly higher than that of children aged 1-3 years old (P<0.05). Positive rates were significantly lower than those of children aged 1 to 3 years (P<0.05). Among children aged 1 to 3 years, the positive rates of egg white, milk, cashew nuts, cat and dog dander and house dust mite allergens were significantly higher in boys than in girls (P<0.05). Among children aged 4 to 6 years, the positive rates of cat and dog dander allergens were significantly higher than in girls (P<0.05). AD accounted for the highest proportion of limbs and trunk, followed by head and face eyelids, neck, elbows and knees, hands and feet. Conclusions The common allergens in children aged 1-6 years are different at different age groups. The common allergens for children aged 1-3 are egg white, milk, cat and dog dander, and the common allergens in children aged 4-6 years are a combination of milk, cat and dog dander, household dust mites, and mold. Inhaled allergens decrease with age,while inhaled allergens increase with age.
关键词
1～6岁儿童 /
特应性皮炎 /
发病情况 /
过敏原
Key words
children aged 1-6 years /
atopic dermatitis /
disease situation /
allergen
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