目的 分析北京某三甲医院眼部感染患者病原菌检出菌群分布情况及其耐药性,为临床科学合理地使用抗生素提供参考依据。方法 采用回顾性分析,对北京某三甲医院2021-01至2023-12眼部感染患者送检标本的病原菌分布构成及耐药性进行统计分析。结果 共分离出病原株255例,阳性率56.42%。其中,革兰氏阳性球菌134株（52.55%）;革兰氏阴性杆菌71株（27.84%）;革兰氏阳性杆菌39株（15.29%）;真菌11株（4.31%）;病原菌分离率排名前5位的分别是金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、棒状杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、草绿色链球菌,占比分别为18.04%,14.09%,10.20%,7.45%,7.06%。药物敏感性试验结果表明,革兰氏阳性球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药率最高,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药率最低;肠杆菌属左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星耐药率较低,分别为28.00%、24.00%。铜绿假单胞菌整体耐药率偏低。结论 眼部感染患者分离菌以葡萄球菌为主,其中金黄色葡萄球菌最多;革兰氏阳性菌对青霉素,红霉素普遍耐药,利福平耐药率较低,临床可以使用;革兰氏阴性菌耐药率普遍偏低,喹诺酮类药物、氨基糖苷类药物可以使用。

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and their drug resistance in patients with ocular infection in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, and to provide reference for the clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to statistically analyze the composition and drug resistance of specimens submitted by patients with ocular infection in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from January 2021 to December 2023. Results A total of 255 pathogenic strains were isolated, with a positive rate of 56.42%. Among them, 134 （52.55%） strains of Gram-positive bacilli, 71 （27.84%） strains of Gram-negative bacilli, 39 （15.29%） strains of Gram-positive bacilli, and 11 （4.31%） strains of fungi were detected. The top 5 pathogenic bacteria isolations were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus viridans, accounting for 18.04%, 14.09%, 10.20%, 7.45%, and 7.06%, respectively. The results of drug susceptibility tests showed that Gram-positive cocci had the highest resistance rate to penicillin and erythromycin, and the lowest resistance rate to vancomycin and linezolid. Enterobacteriaceae had lower resistance rate to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, at 28.00% and 24.00%, respectively. The overall resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was relatively low. Conclusions The isolated bacteria from patients with ocular infection are mainly staphylococci, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common one. Gram-positive bacteria are generally resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, but have lower resistance rate to rifampicin,and can be a better choice in clinically practice. The resistance rate of Gram-negative bacteria is generally low, and quinolones and aminoglycosides can be a choice in empirical practice.